\u3000by <\/span>Katherine Kerschen and Juliana Cruz Mart\u00ednez<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n <\/p>\n
\u82f1\u8a9e\u5b66\u7fd2\u7d20\u6750\u3068\u3057\u3066\u91cd\u8981(\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u8fbc\u307f\u305f\u3044\u8868\u73fe)<\/b>\u306a\u7b87\u6240\u3092<\/span>\u592a\u5b57<\/b>\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n
\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\uff1a<\/span>Children vs. Adults \u2013 Who Wins the Second Language Acquisition Match?<\/span><\/h1>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5b50\u3069\u3082 vs \u5927\u4eba – \u7b2c\u4e8c\u8a00\u8a9e\u7fd2\u5f97\u306e\u52dd\u8ca0\u306f\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304c\u52dd\u3064\u306e\u304b\uff1f<\/b><\/h1>\n
<\/p>\n
Pragmatics (Meaning in Conversation)<\/span><\/h3>\nPragmatics is about the use of language in <\/span>social interaction<\/b>. Pragmatic competence refers to the ability to use language to <\/span>convey meanings in conversation<\/b>, and to <\/span>interpret another speaker\u2019s intentions.<\/b><\/p>\nOne crucial factor for pragmatic competence is \u201cTheory of Mind,\u201d which is the ability to understand that desires, emotions and beliefs can impact behavior, and that another person\u2019s beliefs may not be the same as one\u2019s own.<\/span>This ability doesn\u2019t fully develop until late childhood,<\/span>which means that when children learn a second language they have to <\/span>grapple with <\/b>new pragmatic conventions in the second language when they haven\u2019t even mastered this ability in their native language yet.<\/span><\/p>\nAdults, on the other hand, can <\/span>rely on<\/b> their experience in their native language as they learn which aspects of pragmatics they need to pay the most attention to in their new language.<\/span> Adults definitely <\/span>beat kids to the punch<\/b> here!\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nRound 5 to the adults!<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n
\u30d7\u30e9\u30b0\u30de\u30c6\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\uff08\u4f1a\u8a71\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u610f\u5473\uff09<\/span><\/h3>\n\u30d7\u30e9\u30b0\u30de\u30c6\u30a3\u30af\u30b9\u3068\u306f\u3001<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528<\/b>\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u8a9e\u7528\u8ad6\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3068\u306f\u3001<\/span>\u4f1a\u8a71\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u610f\u5473\u3092\u4f1d\u3048\u308b<\/b>\u305f\u3081\u306b\u8a00\u8a9e\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3001<\/span>\u4ed6\u306e\u8a71\u3057\u624b\u306e\u610f\u56f3\u3092\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b<\/b>\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u6307\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\u3053\u306e\u80fd\u529b\u306f\u5e7c\u5150\u671f\u5f8c\u534a\u306b\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3068\u5341\u5206\u306b\u767a\u9054\u3057\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5b50\u4f9b\u304c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8a00\u8a9e\u3092\u5b66\u3076\u5834\u5408\u3001\u6bcd\u56fd\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u307e\u3060\u3053\u306e\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u306e\u306b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8a00\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u8a9e\u7528\u8ad6\u7684\u6163\u7fd2\u306b<\/span>\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307e<\/b>\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u5927\u4eba\u306f\u6bcd\u56fd\u8a9e\u3067\u306e\u7d4c\u9a13<\/span>\u3092\u3082\u3068\u306b<\/b>\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u8a00\u8a9e\u3067\u6700\u3082\u6ce8\u610f\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u8a9e\u7528\u8ad6\u306e\u5074\u9762\u3092\u5b66\u3076\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u5927\u4eba\u306f\u3053\u306e\u70b9\u3067\u9593\u9055\u3044\u306a\u304f\u5b50\u4f9b\u306b\u826f\u3044\u30d1\u30f3\u30c1\u3092\u6d74\u3073\u305b\u308b\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n\u7b2c5\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\u30c9\u306f\u5927\u4eba\u306e\u52dd\u5229\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n
\uff08\u89e3\u8aac\uff09\u3084\u3084\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u5c02\u9580\u7528\u8a9e\u304c\u51fa\u3066\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u8a00\u8a9e\u5b66\u306b\u8208\u5473\u304c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u899a\u3048\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u5927\u4eba\u306f\u6301\u3061\u524d\u306e\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u30b0\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\u30c9\u3084\u7d4c\u9a13\u3092\u6d3b\u304b\u3057\u3066\u3001\u76f8\u624b\u304c\u8a00\u304a\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u63a8\u6e2c\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u6697\u306b\u96a0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u70b9\u306f\u5b50\u4f9b\u306b\u306f\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n
Effects on the Brain<\/b><\/h3>\n
For decades, many researchers argued that children were better than adults at learning languages because the brain is <\/span>more adaptable pre-puberty. <\/b>During this \u201cc<\/span>ritical period<\/b>\u201d different areas of the brain are becoming <\/span>specialized for <\/b>different tasks, including language.<\/span><\/p>\nThis means that if you learn a second language as a child, your brain can change and adapt, which helps you become a native-like speaker of the second language.<\/span><\/p>\n Previously, researchers assumed that adult brains didn\u2019t have this <\/span>adaptability,<\/b> but recent research has shown that adult second language learning can actually lead to changes in the function and structure of the brain. In fact, these changes can occur even after only a few months of learning a second language!<\/span><\/p>\n The amount of change seems to be <\/span>somewhat<\/b> greater in children, but\u00a0<\/span>we\u2019re still going to call this slugfest a tie.<\/b><\/p>\n <\/p>\n
\u8133\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff <\/span><\/h3>\n\u4f55\u5341\u5e74\u3082\u306e\u9593\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306f\u3001<\/span>\u601d\u6625\u671f\u524d\u306e\u8133\u306f\u9069\u5fdc\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044<\/b>\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5b50\u4f9b\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u5927\u4eba\u3088\u308a\u3082\u8a00\u8a9e\u7fd2\u5f97\u306b\u512a\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e<\/span>\u300c\u81e8\u754c\u671f\u300d<\/b>\u306b\u306f\u3001\u8133\u306e\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u9818\u57df\u304c\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u3092\u542b\u3080\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u30bf\u30b9\u30af<\/span>\u306b\u7279\u5316\u3057\u3066<\/b>\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059 \u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u306e\u9803\u306b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8a00\u8a9e\u3092\u5b66\u3076\u3068\u3001\u8133\u304c\u5909\u5316\u3057\u3066\u9069\u5fdc\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u30cd\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\u4ee5\u524d\u306f\u3001\u5927\u4eba\u306e\u8133\u306b\u306f\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a<\/span>\u9069\u5fdc<\/b>\u6027\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u6700\u8fd1\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5927\u4eba\u306e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8a00\u8a9e\u5b66\u7fd2\u306f\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u8133\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3084\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5b9f\u969b\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5909\u5316\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8a00\u8a9e\u3092\u5b66\u7fd2\u3057\u3066\u308f\u305a\u304b\u6570\u30ab\u6708\u3067\u3082\u8d77\u3053\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n \u5909\u5316\u306e\u5ea6\u5408\u3044\u306f\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u306e\u65b9\u304c<\/span>\u3084\u3084<\/b>\u5927\u304d\u3044\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u306e<\/span>\u6fc0\u6226\u306f\u307e\u3060\u5f15\u304d\u5206\u3051<\/b>\u3068\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n
And it\u2019s a tie!!\u3000<\/span><\/h3>\nLearning a second language as an adult is <\/span>certainly different<\/b> than learning one as a child, and <\/span>the outcomes may not be identical<\/b> for all aspects of language, but overall, <\/span>adults can be just as good of second language learners as children.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n
\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u5f15\u304d\u5206\u3051\u3067\u3059!<\/span><\/h3>\n\u5927\u4eba\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304b\u3089\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8a00\u8a9e\u3092\u5b66\u3076\u306e\u306f\u3001\u5b50\u4f9b\u306e\u9803\u306b\u5b66\u3076\u306e\u3068\u306f<\/span>\u78ba\u304b\u306b\u9055\u3044<\/b>\u307e\u3059\u3057\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5074\u9762\u3067<\/span>\u540c\u3058\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3068\u306f\u9650\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/b>\u304c\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5927\u4eba\u3082\u5341\u5206\u306b\u5b50\u4f9b\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306b\u512a\u308c\u305f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8a00\u8a9e\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u3068\u306a\u308a\u5f97\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n
\u301c\u307e\u3068\u3081\u301c<\/span><\/h2>\n\u6700\u7d42\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u3001\u300c\u5f15\u304d\u5206\u3051\u300d\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\u307e\u3068\u3081\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5927\u4eba\u306e\u5f37\u307f\u306f\u300c\u77ed\u671f\u8a9e\u5f59\u529b\u3001\u6587\u6cd5\u529b\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u529b\u300d\u3067\u3001\u5b50\u4f9b\u306f\u300c\u9577\u671f\u7684\u306b\u30cd\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u306b\u5339\u6575\u3059\u308b\u767a\u97f3\u3084\u8a9e\u5f59\u529b\u3001\u81e8\u754c\u671f\u306e\u9069\u5fdc\u529b\u300d\u304c\u5f37\u307f\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u65b9\u306f\u300c\u5927\u4eba\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u300d\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\u5927\u4eba\u306e\u5f37\u307f\u3092\u6d3b\u304b\u3057\u3064\u3064\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u7d99\u7d9a\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n
\u6700\u5f8c\u307e\u3067\u304a\u8aad\u307f\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304d\u3042\u308a\u304c\u3068\u3046\u3054\u3056\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u307f\u306a\u3055\u3093\u3001\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f \u301c\u306f\u3058\u3081\u306b\u301c \u82f1\u8a9e\u5b66\u7fd2\u4e2d\u7d1a\u8005\u306e\u7686\u3055\u3093\u306b\u304a\u52e7\u3081\u3057\u305f\u3044\u52c9\u5f37\u6cd5\u306f\u3001\u751f\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u306b\u89e6\u308c\u308b\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3092\u8aad\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3002 \u82f1\u8a9e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3092\u8aad\u3080\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u5b66\u7fd2\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u6d3b\u304b\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u305c\u3072\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u52c9\u5f37\u6cd5\u3067\u3059\u3002 \u305d\u3093\u306a\u52c9\u5f37\u3092\u59cb\u3081\u305f\u3044\u65b9\u3078\u3001\u30b7\u30ea\u30fc\u30ba\u3067\u82f1\u8a9e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3092\u3054\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u4eca\u56de\u306f\u3001\u300c\u5b50\u4f9b\u3068\u5927\u4eba\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304c\u512a\u308c\u305f\u82f1\u8a9e\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":17820,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,443],"tags":[486,614,130,285],"class_list":{"0":"post-17079","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-learning","8":"category-test","9":"tag-486","10":"tag-614","11":"tag-130","12":"tag-285","13":"article cf"},"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fruitfulenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17079","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fruitfulenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fruitfulenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fruitfulenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/83"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fruitfulenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17079"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.fruitfulenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17079\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18074,"href":"https:\/\/www.fruitfulenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17079\/revisions\/18074"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fruitfulenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17820"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fruitfulenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17079"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fruitfulenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17079"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fruitfulenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17079"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}