\u3000by <\/span>Katherine Kerschen and Juliana Cruz Mart\u00ednez<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n <\/p>\n
\u82f1\u8a9e\u5b66\u7fd2\u7d20\u6750\u3068\u3057\u3066\u91cd\u8981(\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u8fbc\u307f\u305f\u3044\u8868\u73fe)<\/b>\u306a\u7b87\u6240\u3092<\/span>\u592a\u5b57<\/b>\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n
\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\uff1a<\/span>Children vs. Adults \u2013 Who Wins the Second Language Acquisition Match?<\/span><\/h1>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5b50\u3069\u3082 vs \u5927\u4eba – \u7b2c\u4e8c\u8a00\u8a9e\u7fd2\u5f97\u306e\u52dd\u8ca0\u306f\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304c\u52dd\u3064\u306e\u304b\uff1f<\/b><\/h1>\n<\/h1>\n
Children <\/span>are often perceived to be<\/b> the heavy hitters<\/b> when it comes to second language acquisition. Many people think that if you want to learn a second language really well (linguists usually speak of developing \u201c<\/span>native-like proficiency<\/b>\u201d), you need to start as a child.<\/span>\u00a0However, as we\u2019ll see, adults are <\/span>no lightweights<\/b>. It is true that child learners are, in general, more likely to reach native-like proficiency than adult learners.<\/span> For example, many child learners <\/span>are immersed in<\/b> an environment where they hear and speak the second language all the time, while adult learners are in a language classroom only a few hours per week. This is a major difference: according to some estimates, you would have to stay in a typical language class for your entire life in order to get the same amount of input as 10 years of <\/span>immersion experience!<\/b><\/p>\n\u00a0So what happens if we take a closer look at the learning processes? Who actually performs better? We\u2019ll <\/span>let the research determine <\/b>who\u2019s the winner in this match-up\u2014get ready for the blow-by-blow!<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8a00\u8a9e\u7fd2\u5f97\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u306f<\/span>\u5927\u5668\u6669\u6210\u578b<\/b>\u3060\u3068<\/span>\u601d\u308f\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/b>\u591a\u304f\u306e\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8a00\u8a9e\u3092\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u4e0a\u624b\u306b\u5b66\u3073\u305f\u3044\u306a\u3089\uff08\u8a00\u8a9e\u5b66\u8005\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u300c<\/span>\u30cd\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u4e26\u307f\u306e\u80fd\u529b<\/b>\u300d\u3092\u8eab\u306b\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff09\u3001\u5b50\u4f9b\u306e\u9803\u304b\u3089\u59cb\u3081\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3053\u308c\u304b\u3089\u8ff0\u3079\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u5927\u4eba\u3082\u6c7a\u3057\u3066<\/span>\u8ca0\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/b>\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u3001\u5b50\u4f9b\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u5927\u4eba\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u3088\u308a\u3082\u30cd\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u4e26\u307f\u306e\u80fd\u529b\u306b\u9054\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u306e\u306f\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306f\u3001\u5e38\u306b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8a00\u8a9e\u3092\u805e\u304d\u3001\u8a71\u3059\u74b0\u5883<\/span>\u306b\u8eab\u3092\u7f6e\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/b>\u304c\u3001\u5927\u4eba\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306f\u3001\u9031\u306b\u6570\u6642\u9593\u3057\u304b\u8a9e\u5b66\u6559\u5ba4\u306b\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5927\u304d\u306a\u9055\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3042\u308b\u8a66\u7b97\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u300110\u5e74\u9593\u306e<\/span>\u30a4\u30de\u30fc\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u4f53\u9a13<\/b>\u3068\u540c\u3058\u91cf\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30d7\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u5f97\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u8a9e\u5b66\u6559\u5ba4\u306b\u4e00\u751f\u901a\u3044\u7d9a\u3051\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\uff01 <\/span><\/p>\n\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u904e\u7a0b\u3092\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u898b\u3066\u307f\u308b\u3068\u3069\u3046\u306a\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u3069\u3061\u3089\u306e\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5bfe\u6c7a\u306e\u52dd\u8005\u306f\u3001<\/span>\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u306b\u59d4\u306d\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n
(\u89e3\u8aac) no lightweights<\/strong>\u306f\u3001\u30dc\u30af\u30b7\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u91cd\u91cf\u7d1a\u5225\u306b\u4f8b\u3048\u3066\u3001\u300c\u8efd\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff1d\u8efd\u3093\u3058\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3067\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002immersion experience<\/strong>\u306f\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300c\u30bf\u30fc\u30b2\u30c3\u30c8\u8a00\u8a9e\u306b\u6d78\u308b\u300d\u7d4c\u9a13\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u300c\u7559\u5b66\u3057\u3066\u305d\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u307f\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u8eab\u3092\u7f6e\u304f\u3053\u3068\u300d\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n
Speed of Acquisition.<\/b><\/p>\n
\u00a0At first glance <\/b>it may seem like children would be the clear winners of this round. We often think of children like linguistic sponges, absorbing everything they hear. However, research has shown that adults and older children learn more quickly during the beginning stages of acquisition, even if younger children often achieve higher proficiency<\/span> in the long run.<\/b>\u00a0<\/span>Considering that <\/b>young children often learn <\/span>via<\/b> immersion, where they have much more input than adults who learn in classrooms, adults definitely are faster.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Looks like adults come out ahead in this speed round!<\/b><\/p>\n <\/p>\n
\u7fd2\u5f97\u306e\u901f\u3055\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\u4e00\u898b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001<\/b>\u3053\u306e\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\u30c9\u3067\u306f\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u304c\u52dd\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u306f\u8a00\u8a9e\u7684\u306a\u30b9\u30dd\u30f3\u30b8\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3001\u805e\u3044\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3059\u3079\u3066\u5438\u53ce\u3059\u308b\u3068\u601d\u308f\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001<\/span>\u9577\u671f\u7684\u306b\u898b\u308c\u3070<\/b>\u5e74\u5c11\u306e\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u7fd2\u719f\u5ea6\u3092\u9054\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u7fd2\u5f97\u306e\u521d\u671f\u6bb5\u968e\u3067\u306f\u5927\u4eba\u3084\u5e74\u9f62\u304c\u4e0a\u306e\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u3088\u308a\u65e9\u304f\u7fd2\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5206\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u5e7c\u5150\u306f\u6559\u5ba4\u3067\u5b66\u3076\u5927\u4eba\u3088\u308a\u306f\u308b\u304b\u306b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30d7\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u3042\u308b\u30a4\u30de\u30fc\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2<\/span>\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066<\/b>\u5b66\u3076\u5834\u5408\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3053\u3068<\/span>\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3068<\/b>\u3001\u5927\u4eba\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u901f\u3044\u306e\u306f\u9593\u9055\u3044\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002 <\/span>\u3053\u306e\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c9\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\u30c9\u306f\u5927\u4eba\u306e\u52dd\u3061\u306e\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059\u306d<\/b>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n
Phonology (Sound).<\/b><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/b>When it comes to learning the sounds of a second language, children have <\/span>biology in their corner.<\/b> Research has consistently shown that there is a specific window of opportunity during childhood for developing native-like pronunciation.<\/span>\u00a0While it is not impossible for an adult learner to sound like a native speaker, it is much more likely if you start learning the second language <\/span>before you hit puberty,<\/b> or even better before age six.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Round 2 to the kids!<\/b><\/p>\n\u97f3\u97fb\u8ad6\uff08\u30b5\u30a6\u30f3\u30c9\uff09\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u97f3\u3092\u5b66\u7fd2\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5b50\u4f9b\u306b\u306f<\/span>\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u5074\u9762\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/b> \u5927\u4eba\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u304c\u30cd\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u767a\u97f3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001<\/span>\u601d\u6625\u671f\u3092\u8fce\u3048\u308b\u524d\u3001<\/b>\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f6\u6b73\u307e\u3067\u306b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u958b\u59cb\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u305d\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306f\u306f\u308b\u304b\u306b\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span>\u7b2c2\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\u30c9\u306f\u5b50\u4f9b\u305f\u3061\u306b!<\/b><\/p>\n <\/p>\n
\u301c\u307e\u3068\u3081\u301c<\/span><\/h2>\n\u3044\u304b\u304c\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304b\uff1f<\/p>\n
\uff12\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\u30c9\u52dd\u8ca0\u306f\u5f15\u304d\u5206\u3051\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n\u77ed\u671f\u7684\u306b\u6210\u679c\u3092\u51fa\u305b\u308b\u5927\u4eba\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u3068\u3001\u9577\u671f\u3067\u30cd\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u4e26\u307f\u306e\u767a\u97f3\u3092\u8eab\u306b\u3064\u3051\u3084\u3059\u3044\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u3001\u52dd\u8ca0\u306e\u7d9a\u304d\u306f\u6b21\u53f7\u306b\u7d9a\u304d\u307e\u3059\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u307f\u306a\u3055\u3093\u3001\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f \u301c\u306f\u3058\u3081\u306b\u301c \u82f1\u8a9e\u5b66\u7fd2\u4e2d\u7d1a\u8005\u306e\u7686\u3055\u3093\u306b\u304a\u52e7\u3081\u3057\u305f\u3044\u52c9\u5f37\u6cd5\u306f\u3001\u751f\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u306b\u89e6\u308c\u308b\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3092\u8aad\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3002 \u82f1\u8a9e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3092\u8aad\u3080\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u5b66\u7fd2\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u6d3b\u304b\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u305c\u3072\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u52c9\u5f37\u6cd5\u3067\u3059\u3002 \u305d\u3093\u306a\u52c9\u5f37\u3092\u59cb\u3081\u305f\u3044\u65b9\u3078\u3001\u30b7\u30ea\u30fc\u30ba\u3067\u82f1\u8a9e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3092\u3054\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u203b\u524d\u56de\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u300c\u3010\u82f1\u8a9e\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u30b3\u30c4\uff01\u4e2d\u7d1a\u8005\u5411\u3051\u3011\u82f1\u8a9e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3092\u8aad\u3082\u3046…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":17820,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,443],"tags":[122,486,130,285],"class_list":{"0":"post-17066","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-learning","8":"category-test","9":"tag-english","10":"tag-486","11":"tag-130","12":"tag-285","13":"article cf"},"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fruitfulenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17066","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fruitfulenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fruitfulenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fruitfulenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/83"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fruitfulenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17066"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.fruitfulenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17066\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17998,"href":"https:\/\/www.fruitfulenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17066\/revisions\/17998"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fruitfulenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17820"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fruitfulenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17066"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fruitfulenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17066"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fruitfulenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17066"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}